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Grammar : NOUNS

Nouns are things,people,animals and feeling that we can touch,see,feel,hear or taste.

          Example :- house                    - cow
                         - man                      - sadness


TYPES OF NOUNS
- There are four main types of nouns in English.

• Common Nouns: The examples of common nouns are

                                     - girl                 -school            - buffalo

• Proper Nouns:  The examples of proper nouns are

                                    - Suhaila               -Malaysia               -Sang Kancil

• Abstract Nouns:  The examples of abstract nouns are

                                     - happiness            -torture                 - hunger

• Collective Nouns:  The examples of collective nouns are

                                      - a flock of sheep                          - a herd of cows
                                      - a swarm of bees

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Nouns can be divided into TWO categories: countable and uncountable nouns.

 countable nouns: Nouns that have plural form.

 Examples:

     boy  -  boys
     lorry  -  lorries
    watch  -  watches
    child  -  children
    man  -  men

 uncountable nouns: Nouns that only exist in singular form.
 Examples:
     - water     - wind      - sand       - milk             

CHANGES IN NOUNS (from singular to plural)

• By adding 's'

          Most countable nouns have 's' in their plural forms.

Singular	Plural
sister	sisters
car	cars
computer	computers
table	tables
day	days
lion	lions

• By adding 'es'

         Countable nouns that end with letters o,x,s,sh and ch take 'es' in their plural form.

Singular	Plural
potato	potatoes
tomato	tomatoes
box	boxes
fox	foxes
class	classes
glass	glasses
bush	bushes
watch	watches

NOTE: There are exceptional cases for this type changes.

             Examples : the plural form for RADIO is RADIOS

                              the plural form for OX is OXEN

• By deleting the 'y' and replacing with 'ies' (Make sure a consonant is before the 'y')

          This can be done on singular nouns that end with 'y' and the letter before is a consonant.

Singular	Plural
ferry	ferries
lady	ladies
baby	babies
lorry	lorries
mummy	mummies

• By deleting 'f','fe' ang replacing with 'ves'

           Normally,these types of changes happen on singular nouns that end with 'f'' and 'fe'.

Singular	Plural
wife	wives
wolf	wolves
knife	knives
leaf	leaves
loaf	loaves

NOTE: There are also exceptional cases for this type of change.

             Example : The plural for 'roof' is 'roofs'

• Total changes

         Some nouns change totally in their plural form.

Singular	Plural
mouse	mice
child	children
woman	women
cactus	cacti / cactuses
postman	postmen